Use Tailwind without Tailwind

Tailwind is one of those very controversial things, some people argue that it is the best since sliced bread, others it is a tool sent by the devil itself. Nonetheless, this is not an article about if you should use it or not, there are already plenty of those articles about the pros and cons on the internet.

What makes Tailwind good is the documentation, you may not agree on the “naming” but for every class that you can use there is an equivalent showing how to use it with CSS, for that, the team has done an outstanding job.

Tailwind is super fun to work with after you pass the initial learning threshold, but as a Developer, you still need to understand CSS to use it correctly.

CSS is not hard nor is broken.

In the end, it is just a tool to help you to write CSS, and as a tool, it limits the options of what you could do, for example, you would never be able to use a custom grid layout with Tailwind only, as the one below:

MobileDesktop
Grid Layout MobileGrid Layout Desktop
Source: https://webkit.org/demos/css-grid/

In this article, you will learn how to use Tailwind documentation to write your CSS styles. The following topics will be discussed:

The idea is to have the full power to write your CSS together with the cool ideas and patterns created by the Tailwind team. So let’s get started.

Preflight

Preflight is a set of base styles for Tailwind projects that are designed to smooth over cross-browser inconsistencies and make it easier for you to work within the constraints of your design system.

Here you have basically to copy the preflight.css created by them.

/* preflight.css */
*,
::before,
::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-width: 0;
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: currentcolor;
}

html {
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
  tab-size: 4;
  font-family: system-ui;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: inherit;
}

hr {
  height: 0;
  color: inherit;
  border-top-width: 1px;
}

abbr:where([title]) {
  text-decoration: underline dotted;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  font-size: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: inherit;
}

b,
strong {
  font-weight: bolder;
}

code,
kbd,
samp,
pre {
  font-family:
    "fontFamily.mono",
    ui-monospace,
    SFMono-Regular,
    Menlo,
    Monaco,
    Consolas,
    "Liberation Mono",
    "Courier New",
    monospace;
  font-size: 1em;
}

small {
  font-size: 80%;
}

sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

sub {
  bottom: -0.25em;
}

sup {
  top: -0.5em;
}

table {
  text-indent: 0;
  border-color: inherit;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 100%;
  font-weight: inherit;
  line-height: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

button,
select {
  text-transform: none;
}

button,
[type="button"],
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
  appearance: button;
  background-color: transparent;
  background-image: none;
}

:-moz-focusring {
  outline: auto;
}

:-moz-ui-invalid {
  box-shadow: none;
}

progress {
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  height: auto;
}

[type="search"] {
  appearance: textfield;
  outline-offset: -2px;
}

::-webkit-search-decoration {
  appearance: none;
}

::-webkit-file-upload-button {
  appearance: button;
  font: inherit;
}

summary {
  display: list-item;
}

blockquote,
dl,
dd,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
hr,
figure,
p,
pre {
  margin: 0;
}

fieldset {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

legend {
  padding: 0;
}

ol,
ul,
menu {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

textarea {
  resize: vertical;
}

input::placeholder,
textarea::placeholder {
  opacity: 1;
  color: #9ca3af;
}

button,
[role="button"] {
  cursor: pointer;
}

:disabled {
  cursor: default;
}

img,
svg,
video,
canvas,
audio,
iframe,
embed,
object {
  display: block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

img,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

That’s it, just add this CSS to your project.

Theme

The theme file is where you define your project’s color palette, type scale, fonts, breakpoints, border radius values, and more.

This is the most important part, getting the same idea of the tailwind.config.js file where you can customize your theme, create a theme file following the Tailwind definitions:

/* theme.css */
:root {
  --size-0-5: 0.125rem; /* spacing:0.5 */
  --size-1: 0.25rem; /* spacing:1 */
  --size-1-5: 0.375rem; /* spacing:1.5 */
  --size-2: 0.5rem; /* spacing:2 */
  --size-2-5: 0.625rem;
  --size-3: 0.75rem;
  --size-3-5: 0.875rem;
  --size-4: 1rem;
  --size-5: 1.25rem;
  --size-6: 1.5rem;
  --size-7: 1.75rem;
  --size-8: 2rem;
  --size-9: 2.25rem;
  --size-10: 2.5rem;
  --size-11: 2.75rem;
  --size-12: 3rem;
  --size-14: 3.5rem;
  --size-16: 4rem;
  --size-20: 5rem;
  --size-24: 6rem;
  --size-28: 7rem;
  --size-32: 8rem;
  --size-36: 9rem;
  --size-40: 10rem;
  --size-44: 11rem;
  --size-48: 12rem;
  --size-52: 13rem;
  --size-56: 14rem;
  --size-60: 15rem;
  --size-64: 16rem;
  --size-72: 18rem;
  --size-80: 20rem;
  --size-96: 24rem;
  --size-xs: 20rem; /* 320px */
  --size-sm: 24rem; /* 384px */
  --size-md: 28rem; /* 448px */
  --size-lg: 32rem; /* 512px */
  --size-xl: 36rem; /* 576px */
  --size-2xl: 42rem; /* 672px */
  --size-3xl: 48rem; /* 768px */
  --size-4xl: 56rem; /* 896px */
  --size-5xl: 64rem; /* 1024px */
  --size-6xl: 72rem; /* 1152px */
  --size-7xl: 80rem; /* 1280px */
  --size-full: 100%;
  --size-fit: fit-content;
  --size-min: min-content;
  --size-max: max-content;
  --size-auto: auto;
  --size-none: none;
  --size-prose: 65ch;
  --size-screen-width: 100vw;
  --size-screen-height: 100vh;
  --size-screen-xs: 480px;
  --size-screen-sm: 640px;
  --size-screen-md: 768px;
  --size-screen-lg: 1024px;
  --size-screen-xl: 1280px;
  --size-screen-2xl: 1536px;
  --grid-1: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-2: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-3: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-4: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-5: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-6: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-7: repeat(7, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-8: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-9: repeat(9, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-10: repeat(10, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-11: repeat(11, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --grid-12: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  --border: 1px;
  --border-0: 0;
  --border-2: 2px;
  --border-4: 4px;
  --border-8: 8px;
  --ring: 0 0 0 var(--border);
  --ring-2: 0 0 0 var(--border-2);
  --ring-4: 0 0 0 var(--border-4);
  --ring-8: 0 0 0 var(--border-8);
  --rounded: 0.25rem;
  --rounded-sm: 0.125rem;
  --rounded-md: 0.375rem;
  --rounded-lg: 0.5rem;
  --rounded-xl: 0.75rem;
  --rounded-2xl: 1rem;
  --rounded-3xl: 1.5rem;
  --rounded-full: 9999px;
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 10%), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 5%);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%), 0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%), 0 4px 6px -4px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
  --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%), 0 8px 10px -6px rgb(0 0 0 / 10%);
  --shadow-2xl: 0 25px 50px -12px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);
  --shadow-inner: inset 0 2px 4px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 5%);
  --font-weight-thin: 100;
  --font-weight-extralight: 200;
  --font-weight-light: 300;
  --font-weight-normal: 400;
  --font-weight-medium: 500;
  --font-weight-semibold: 600;
  --font-weight-bold: 700;
  --font-weight-extrabold: 800;
  --font-weight-black: 900;
  --line-spacing-xs: 1rem;
  --line-spacing-sm: 1.25rem;
  --line-spacing-md: 1.5rem;
  --line-spacing-lg: 1.75rem;
  --line-spacing-xl: 1.75rem;
  --line-spacing-2xl: 2rem;
  --line-spacing-3xl: 2.25rem;
  --line-spacing-4xl: 2.5rem;
  --line-spacing-5xl: 1;
  --line-spacing-6xl: 1;
  --line-spacing-7xl: 1;
  --line-spacing-8xl: 1;
  --line-spacing-9xl: 1;
  --text-xs: 0.75rem;
  --text-sm: 0.875rem;
  --text-md: 1rem;
  --text-lg: 1.125rem;
  --text-xl: 1.25rem;
  --text-2xl: 1.5rem;
  --text-3xl: 1.875rem;
  --text-4xl: 2.25rem;
  --text-5xl: 3rem;
  --text-6xl: 3.75rem;
  --text-7xl: 4.5rem;
  --text-8xl: 6rem;
  --text-9xl: 8rem;
  --color-canvas: #f9fafb; /* gray:50 */
  --color-contrast: #27272a; /* zinc:800 */
  --color-contrast-50: #fafafa; /* zinc:50 */
  --color-contrast-100: #f4f4f5; /* zinc:100 */
  --color-contrast-200: #e4e4e7; /* zinc:200 */
  --color-contrast-300: #d4d4d8; /* zinc:300 */
  --color-contrast-400: #a1a1aa; /* zinc:400 */
  --color-contrast-500: #71717a; /* zinc:500 */
  --color-contrast-600: #52525b; /* zinc:600 */
  --color-contrast-700: #3f3f46; /* zinc:700 */
  --color-contrast-800: #27272a; /* zinc:800 */
  --color-contrast-900: #18181b; /* zinc:900 */
  --color-primary-backdrop: #bfdbfe; /* blue:200 */
  --color-primary-focus: #93c5fd; /* blue:300 */
  --color-primary: #2563eb; /* blue:600 */
  --color-primary-content: #1e40af; /* blue:800 */
  --color-primary-contrast: #fff;
  --color-error-backdrop: #fecdd3; /* rose:200 */
  --color-error-focus: #fda4af; /* rose:300 */
  --color-error: #f43f5e; /* rose:600 */
  --color-error-content: #9f1239; /* rose:800 */
  --color-error-contrast: #fff;
  --color-success-backdrop: #bbf7d0; /* green:200 */
  --color-success-focus: #86efac; /* green:300 */
  --color-success: #22c55e; /* green:600 */
  --color-success-content: #166534; /* green:800 */
  --color-success-contrast: #fff;
  --color-content-heading: #111827; /* gray:900 */
  --color-content-body: #1f2937; /* gray:800 */
  --color-content-secondary: #374151; /* gray:700 */
  --color-content-tertiary: #6b7280; /* gray:500 */
  --color-content-disabled: #9ca3af; /* gray:400 */
  --color-content-contrast: #d1d5db; /* gray:300 */
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --color-canvas: #27272a; /* zinc:800 */
    --color-contrast: #fff;
    --color-contrast-50: #18181b; /* zinc:900 */
    --color-contrast-100: #27272a; /* zinc:800 */
    --color-contrast-200: #3f3f46; /* zinc:700 */
    --color-contrast-300: #52525b; /* zinc:600 */
    --color-contrast-400: #71717a; /* zinc:500 */
    --color-contrast-500: #a1a1aa; /* zinc:400 */
    --color-contrast-600: #d4d4d8; /* zinc:300 */
    --color-contrast-700: #e4e4e7; /* zinc:200 */
    --color-contrast-800: #f4f4f5; /* zinc:100 */
    --color-contrast-900: #fafafa; /* zinc:50 */
    --color-primary-backdrop: #93c5fd; /* blue:300 */
    --color-primary-focus: #3b82f6; /* blue:500 */
    --color-primary: #2563eb; /* blue:600 */
    --color-primary-content: #1e40af; /* blue:800 */
    --color-primary-contrast: #fff;
    --color-error-backdrop: #fda4af; /* rose:300 */
    --color-error-focus: #f43f5e; /* rose:500 */
    --color-error: #e11d48; /* rose:600 */
    --color-error-content: #9f1239; /* rose:800 */
    --color-error-contrast: #fff;
    --color-success-backdrop: #86efac; /* green:300 */
    --color-success-focus: #22c55e; /* green:500 */
    --color-success: #16a34a; /* green:500 */
    --color-success-content: #166534; /* green:800 */
    --color-success-contrast: #fff;
    --color-content-heading: #f9fafb; /* gray:50 */
    --color-content-body: #e5e7eb; /* gray:200 */
    --color-content-secondary: #d1d5db; /* gray:300 */
    --color-content-tertiary: #6b7280; /* gray:500 */
    --color-content-disabled: #4b5563; /* gray:600 */
    --color-content-contrast: #374151; /* gray:700 */
  }
}

@custom-media --xs (min-width: var(--size-screen-xs));
@custom-media --sm (min-width: var(--size-screen-sm));
@custom-media --md (min-width: var(--size-screen-md));
@custom-media --lg (min-width: var(--size-screen-lg));
@custom-media --xl (min-width: var(--size-screen-xl));
@custom-media --xxl (min-width: var(--size-screen-2xl));

To use those variables, you can declare as follows:

.example {
  padding: var(--size-3); /* p-3 */
  border-radius: var(--rounded-lg); /* rounded-lg */
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); /* shadow-lg */
  font-size: var(--text-sm); /* text-sm */
  line-height: var(--line-spacing-sm); /* text-sm */
}

You can define your CSS variables to have the same values defined in the Tailwind, so you can get through their docs and use their style. But you wouldn’t need to define a variable for every single class, some classes like inline-flex can be directly translated to display: inline-flex.

The good thing is that is one dependency less in your project, no matter how fast the tailwind (re)builds the CSS it will never the faster than having it directly declared, and the main point is that gives the developer full control. The downside is that you lose their syntax sugar.

Styles

Taking what you learned and applying it to a real-world scenario: Imagine you are building a UI Library. You start to build a badge component. This component should have options to change the size, color, and format, so you can create the following style:

/* badge.css */
.badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding: var(--size-1) var(--size-2);
  text-align: center;
  vertical-align: middle;
  font-size: var(--badge-font-size, var(--text-md));
  line-height: var(--badge-line-height, var(--line-spacing-md));
  font-weight: var(--font-weight-semibold);
  border: var(--badge-border, var(--border) solid var(--color-contrast-200));
  border-radius: var(--badge-border-radius, var(--rounded-lg));
  background-color: var(--badge-background-color, var(--color-contrast-50));
  color: var(--badge-color, var(--color-content-body));

  &.is-pill {
    --badge-border-radius: var(--rounded-full);
  }

  &.is-xs {
    --badge-font-size: var(--text-xs);
    --badge-line-height: var(--line-spacing-xs);
  }

  &.is-sm {
    --badge-font-size: var(--text-sm);
    --badge-line-height: var(--line-spacing-sm);
  }

  &.is-lg {
    --badge-font-size: var(--text-lg);
    --badge-line-height: var(--line-spacing-lg);
  }

  &.is-xl {
    --badge-font-size: var(--text-xl);
    --badge-line-height: var(--line-spacing-xl);
  }

  &.is-info {
    --badge-border: var(--border) solid var(--color-primary-focus);
    --badge-background-color: var(--color-primary);
    --badge-color: var(--color-primary-contrast);
  }

  &.is-error {
    --badge-border: var(--border) solid var(--color-error-focus);
    --badge-background-color: var(--color-error);
    --badge-color: var(--color-error-contrast);
  }

  &.is-success {
    --badge-border: var(--border) solid var(--color-success-focus);
    --badge-background-color: var(--color-success);
    --badge-color: var(--color-success-contrast);
  }

  &.is-contrast {
    --badge-border: var(--border) solid var(--color-contrast-800);
    --badge-background-color: var(--color-contrast-700);
    --badge-color: var(--color-content-contrast);
  }
}

Show code in action

Using CSS variables can give you more freedom to work with while having a consistent style.

An equivalent solution using Tailwind with @apply, even if this is not the recommended way to use the tailwind, but you can get an idea if placed inside the HTML.

/* badge.css */
.badge {
  @apply inline-flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap py-1 px-2 text-center align-middle font-semibold;

  &:not(.is-pill) {
    @apply rounded-lg;
  }

  &.is-pill {
    @apply rounded-full;
  }

  &.is-xs {
    @apply text-xs;
  }

  &.is-sm {
    @apply text-sm;
  }

  &.is-base {
    @apply text-base;
  }

  &.is-lg {
    @apply text-lg;
  }

  &.is-xl {
    @apply text-xl;
  }

  &:not(.is-info, .is-error, .is-success, .is-contrast) {
    @apply border-contrast-200 bg-contrast-50 text-content;
  }

  &.is-info {
    @apply border-primary-focus bg-primary text-primary-contrast;
  }

  &.is-error {
    @apply border-error-focus bg-error text-error-contrast;
  }

  &.is-success {
    @apply border-success-focus bg-success text-success-contrast;
  }

  &.is-contrast {
    @apply border-contrast-800 bg-contrast-700 text-content-contrast;
  }
}

If you notice they are quite similar, but with Tailwind, you declare the properties horizontally and with CSS vertically, which gives the other a more clean aspect.

Now, checking a real-world example, like the one in the Netlify’s Page, things don’t look that simple anymore.

So, using the @apply mixing, you could have the best of both worlds, right? But, in this case, what would be the real benefit of writing classes using Tailwind instead of pure CSS?

Conclusion

This is just an example to give you an idea. Maybe you don’t need that flexibility of using CSS and Tailwind helps to build what you need, then go for it, or perhaps your team dislikes Tailwind and this could give them a taste. Whatever your situation is, it is good to have options. Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash.

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Our top 5 topics in august by the tech practice circle

Summertime = vacation time. And we also need a well-deserved vacation. Nevertheless, some subjects were surfed and shared by our developers. This time, topics from the following areas are included: Open source, Rocket science, Tailwind, Chrome DevTools features, and Quality Assurance.


Javascript is rocket science after all! Working on complex systems, with endless lines of javascript and websites with millions of users a day, can be pretty exciting. If something goes wrong and a service is down for a while, that’s bad and not the user experience we want to provide for our users. Fortunately, though, we don’t do rocket science. So it was surprising for us to learn that the James Webb Space Telescope uses Javascript to control the telescope. Read the details in the article from the verge. It made me kind of proud that being a javascript developer can be rocket science.


Use Tailwind Without Tailwind In the article, Helmuth highlights the benefits of using tailwind, or what you can learn by taking a closer look. Tailwind is not part of our preferred tech stack, but it’s great to have the opportunity to look over the edge. As you can imagine, the reaction and attitude regarding Tailwind have been somewhat divergent. That’s the great thing about being able to disagree.


Chrome Devtools Recorder Recording user flows is a totally exciting feature. Not only can you record and replay flows to debug your application, but you can also export them and share them with others to track the exact error. This improves bug descriptions immensely. You can also export them with the respectively installed plugins in formats of common testing and performance tools. The individual recorded steps can of course be manipulated and additional ones added.


“uncurled” by Daniel Stenberg Daniel Sternberg writes about his experiences from over 30 years in the open source world. The inventor of Curl and open source enthusiast of course makes his work freely available and invites collaboration by using GitBook. Recommended reading for all who are interested in open source that wants to get an insight into his attitude, projects, what he thinks about funding, and how the open source world has changed over time.


5 Effective Steps to Align Testing with DevOps Our Quality Assurance team is already top notch and I read many things that are already implemented at Mercedes-Benz.io. Nevertheless, the article gives some interesting impulses on how to set up your QA team and your processes.


I would also like to draw your attention to the articles published on our blog by our esteemed colleagues.

Ricardo Brilhante has written an excellent text about AGILITY: IS FAILING AN OPTION? I don’t want to foreshadow how he answers this but we have “The Failure & Innovation Award” in our company for a reason.


We also have another part of the ARTICLE WRITING series, this time with a part about: FEEDBACK AND HOW WE INTEGRATED IT WITH A DEVELOPER </STYLE> Have a read and learn how to deal with feedback while writing and how we support that at Mercedes-Benz.io.


A heartfelt thank you to all who encourage discussion and distribute wisdom by sharing these stories. Hang loose and stay curious! Photo by Robert Bye on Unsplash.

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